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Abolition de la Peine de Mort

Le défi : la justice plutôt que la vengeance

Toute victime et tout survivant a le droit de voir l’auteur d’un crime répondre de ses actes devant un tribunal. Mais la peine de mort n’est pas une forme de justice, c’est un acte de vengeance.

La peine de mort n’a pas d’effet dissuasif sur la criminalité : il n’existe aucune preuve permettant d’affirmer que les États appliquant la peine capitale possèdent un taux de criminalité plus faible, ou que le taux de criminalité augmente lorsque la peine de mort est abolie. Au contraire, les études démontrent que le facteur clé dans la prévention de la criminalité repose sur la menace de l’arrestation et de la sanction, et non pas sur la sévérité de la sanction en elle-même.








La peine de mort touche de manière disproportionnée les populations les plus vulnérables, et notamment les minorités, les personnes vivant dans la pauvreté, les personnes souffrant d’un handicap mental et d’autres groupes déjà marginalisés. Dans certains pays, la peine de mort peut être utilisée comme un instrument de répression politique.








Aucun système judiciaire n’est à l’abri d’une erreur : même lorsque la procédure et toutes les garanties judiciaires sont dûment mises en œuvre et respectées, il existe toujours une possibilité pour que de nouvelles preuves révèlent qu’une personne innocente a été exécutée.








Le système judiciaire ne devrait pas avoir le droit de tuer : la peine de mort est contraire à l’éthique et à la morale. Procéder à des exécutions viole le droit à la vie des condamnés, et les prive de toute possibilité de réhabilitation et de contribution future à la société.

C’est pourquoi chaque année, un nombre croissant de pays décident d’abolir la peine de mort, renforçant ainsi la tendance mondiale en faveur de l’abolition définitive de ce châtiment cruel. Les progrès du mouvement abolitionniste se sont notamment traduits par un soutien sans précédent (disponible en anglais) à la 9ème résolution de l’ONU en faveur d’un moratoire universel sur l’application de la peine de mort. Cet instrument crucial pour faire progresser les normes internationales a été adopté le 15 décembre 2022, par une majorité historique de 125 États en faveur.

Malgré l’isolement croissant des États recourant encore à la peine de mort, le nombre d’exécutions dans le monde a connu une augmentation significative en 2023. Amnesty International a ainsi rapporté qu’en 2023, au moins 1 153 personnes avaient été exécutées (en excluant la Chine, où les chiffres sont tenus secrets), soit le nombre le plus élevé depuis 2015 (année durant laquelle 1 634 exécutions avaient été recensées par Amnesty International – Chine exclue). Plus inquiétant encore, ce très grand nombre d’exécutions recensées a eu lieu dans seulement 16 pays – soit le nombre le plus bas de pays ayant commis des exécutions jamais enregistré selon Amnesty International. La majorité de ces exécutions ont eu lieu en Iran (plus de 853 exécutions recensées) et en Arabie Saoudite (172 exécutions recensées).

En outre, et contrairement à la tendance mondiale, certains États qui avaient aboli la peine de mort ou mis en œuvre un moratoire sur la peine de mort depuis plusieurs années, continuent d’aller à l’encontre de la tendance abolitionniste mondiale. Ainsi, dans de nombreux pays, des voix s’élèvent pour prôner un durcissement des sanctions pénales et le rétablissement de la peine capitale.

Dans ce contexte, il est de la responsabilité du mouvement abolitionniste d’intensifier ses efforts pour parvenir à l’abolition universelle de la peine de mort.

La réponse : la Campagne pour l’abolition de la peine de mort

En 2013, PGA a lancé sa Campagne pour l’abolition de la peine de mort. L’objectif est de garantir le droit à la vie et de promouvoir des systèmes judiciaires respectueux de l’État de droit, conformément à l’Objectif de développement durable 16 – et notamment la cible 16.3. Parce qu’ils rédigent la législation, débattent des politiques publiques et éclairent l’opinion publique, les parlementaires ont un rôle crucial à jouer dans les efforts visant à réduire l’utilisation de la peine de mort et à l’abolir entièrement.

PGA soutient les efforts de ses membres issus de pays rétentionnistes et abolitionnistes. Pour ce faire, PGA utilise une approche ‘étape-par-étape’ afin que les pays en question puissent avancer sur le chemin de l’abolition :

  1. Amélioration des conditions de détention pour les condamnés à mort, en réglant notamment les questions de surpopulation carcérale, d’accès insuffisant à la nourriture et à l’eau potable, de manque de soins médicaux, du manque de personnel et d’infrastructures, de conditions sanitaires déplorables, de violence physique, etc.
  2. Renforcement des garanties légales dans les cas passibles de la peine de mort, y compris le droit à un procès équitable, le droit à faire appel et à demander un droit de grâce, le droit à bénéficier de l’assistance d’un avocat, etc.
  3. Réduction du champ d’application de la peine de mort, y compris par l’élimination de la peine de mort obligatoire.
  4. [Dans le cas des pays rétentionnistes] Adoption d’un moratoire, notamment par la promotion de la résolution biannuelle de l’Assemblée générale des Nations Unies ‘Moratoire sur l’application de la peine de mort’.
  5. Abolition de la peine de mort et promotion de normes internationales la prohibant, notamment en soutenant la ratification, accession ou adoption du Deuxième protocole facultatif se rapportant au Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (PIDCP-OP2).
Écoutez le podcast du Death Penalty Information Center avec le représentant Renny Cushing, membre de PGA (États-Unis)
Écoutez le podcast du Death Penalty Information Center avec le représentant Renny Cushing, membre de PGA (États-Unis) sur la responsabilisation des survivants et l’abolition de la peine de mort dans le New Hampshire »

Des membres de PGA participent au Congrès mondial contre la peine de mort, organisé par ECPM tous les trois ans.

Principaux succès

A Parliamentary Peer Exchange Supports Efforts to End the Death Penalty in Malawi and Beyond

A Parliamentary Peer Exchange Supports Efforts to End the Death Penalty in Malawi and Beyond

Today, 28 out of the 55 African Union Member States have abolished the death penalty in law, while 14 States maintain a moratorium on executions.

Lilongwe / The Hague / New York Parliamentary leaders in Ghana and Zimbabwe have been championing legislative efforts to abolish the death penalty in recent years, becoming the standard bearers of the global abolitionist movement among African countries. Today, 28 out of the 55 African Union Member States have abolished the death penalty in law, while 14 States maintain a moratorium on executions. The experiences of parliamentarians from these countries offer valuable insights that can inspire and guide further abolition efforts across the African continent — particularly in Malawi, where the death penalty remains part of Malawi’s legal system despite having no executions carried out since 1992. Hon. Yusuf Nthenda, MP (Malawi), PGA Member, is currently championing a private member’s bill appearing on the order paper of the 51st session of the Parliament of Malawi. The bill aims to amend both Malawi’s Penal Code and the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Code by removing all references to death sentences. Encouraged by this development and in an effort to build momentum for reform in Malawi, several civil society organizations, together with Parliamentarians for Global Action, hosted a virtual roundtable event on 9 April 2025. The gathering brought together parliamentarians from Malawi, Ghana, and Zimbabwe as well as representatives from Reprieve; the Center for Human Rights Education, Advice and Assistance (CHREAA); the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty (WCADP)  to share experiences and exchange legislative strategies aimed at ending the use of capital punishment. Learning from Recent Abolition Successes Hon. Kwame Anyimadu-Antwi, MP (Ghana) and PGA Member, explained how Ghana passed a private member bill in 2023 to replace the death penalty with life imprisonment. As the former Chair of the Constitutional, Legal, and Parliamentary Affairs Committee, he led inclusive public consultations and participated in the legislative review process to achieve consensus, engaging religious leaders, civil society, and the broader public. One of the most persuasive arguments was the irreversible risk of executing innocent people. The financial burden of keeping death row inmates and the conditions of detention in prisons were also important arguments for abolishing the death penalty. While building consensus was challenging, reasoned debates and careful engagement led to the introduction and adoption of the bill resulting in the abolition of the death penalty for ordinary crimes. Since Ghana’s constitution still includes provisions related to capital punishment, the ongoing constitutional review presents more opportunities for parliamentarians to fully remove all references to the death penalty. Hon. Edwin Mushoriwa, MP (Zimbabwe), shared his country’s path to abolition, driven by the conviction that the death penalty was a relic of colonial rule and did not reflect Zimbabwean values. He championed Zimbabwe’s abolition through a private member bill,  adopted by the National Assembly and the Senate just days before its promulgation by the President on 31 December 2024. This road has been long, despite no executions taking place since 1995. In the absence of consensus on abolition, incremental steps were taken, such as reducing the scope of application of the death penalty in 2013, when the new constitution outlawed death penalty for women and individuals under 21 or over 70 years old. Hon. Mushoriwa emphasized the unwavering support of civil society organizations, including Veritas Zimbabwe, Amnesty International, and Death Penalty Project, which conducted public awareness campaigns and demonstrated that constitutional reform was not necessary to abolish the death penalty for ordinary crimes. This helped pave the way for swift legislative action. These concerted actions helped build consensus within the opposition and members of the ruling party, leading to this historic vote. As the law is being implemented, national courts are currently resentencing all individuals who were on death row. Hon. Mushoriwa concluded his intervention by underlining that, from a Southern African point of view, abolition in Malawi will be an extremely important step for the region and indicated that Zimbabwean parliamentarians stand ready to assist their Malawian peers, including from a technical point of view, to support their efforts in moving in the same direction. A Critical Moment for Malawi Hon. Yusuf Nthenda, MP (Malawi) and PGA member, has introduced a private member bill to abolish the death penalty through the amendment of the Penal Code and Criminal Procedure and Evidence Codes.  Given these bills are listed in the order paper for the 51st session of Malawi’s parliament, there is a critical opportunity to advance national debate and legislative reform. In this context, several Malawian parliamentarians joined the roundtable and affirmed their support for reform. Hon. Roseby Gadama, MP (Malawi) and PGA member, highlighted the moratorium in place since 1992, but pointed out the lack of political will to definitely abolish this practice from the legislative texts. She highlighted support from the NGO Reprieve, which organized an exchange in 2023 between Zambian and Malawi officials, and the Malawi’s Parliamentary Women’s Caucus (as Zambia just abolished the death penalty in 2022). This experience strengthened the Caucus’ commitment to abolition. Hon. Gadama expressed her continued strong support towards efforts led by Hon. Nthenda, the champion of the private member’s bill. Hon. Mary Mpanga, MP (Malawi), representing the Catholic members of parliament in Malawi, spoke from a religious perspective. She underlined her commitment to respecting and protecting life, which the use of the death penalty violates. Learning from the experiences of Ghana and Zimbabwe parliamentarians, she voiced her support for the abolition of the death penalty by law. Hon. Ephraim Kayembe Abelle, MP (Malawi) and PGA Member, acknowledged the challenge ahead and the need for a strategy to engage legislators from both sides of the political spectrum in order to build consensus and move toward eliminating the death penalty from the statute books. With additional technical support and consultations, he is confident that Malawi will have the opportunity to amend its legislation. Hon. Susan Dossi, MP (Malawi) and PGA Member, also expressed her commitment to abolish the death penalty, stressing the willingness of Malawian parliamentarians to leave a positive legacy for future generations. She underlined the value of learning from their peers in neighboring countries and other African countries, which can help overcoming challenges and facilitate progress. While Malawi citizens have voiced growing support for abolition, as reflected in parliamentary and the Ministry of Justice processes (respectively in 2022 and 2023), participants in the roundtable event agreed that Malawi still needs a clear cross-party strategy to ensure political will. Civil Society Recommendations Mr. Victor Mhango, Executive Director of the CHREAA, urged the parliament to act without delay. With elections scheduled in September 2025, and the private member bill still pending in the parliamentary agenda, the window for reform may be narrowing. Yet, pushing for debate on the abolition of the death penalty within parliament will allow elected representatives to reflect the will of Malawian citizens and address the broader human rights concerns related to the criminal justice system. He  outlined four main recommendations for Malawian parliamentarians: Seize the legislative moment and ensure the timely debate of the bills aiming at abolishing the death penalty (amendment to the Penal Code and amendment to the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Code), as delays risk the loss of political momentum< Demonstrate cross-party support to show unified national commitment to human rights Create a legacy for future generations by ending an outdated and inhumane punishment Engage with civil society to foster transparency, inclusion, and public trust throughout the process. Malawi has the opportunity to join the growing number of African countries that have shown the political courage to end capital punishment. Through cross-party political commitment, public engagement, and principled leadership, Malawi can forge its place as a leader in criminal justice reform on the African continent and allow the country to join neighbors who have taken the path towards abolition of the death penalty. PGA opposes capital punishment in all circumstances. Parliamentarians have a crucial role to play in the movement to restrict the use of the death penalty and ultimately abolish it through drafting legislation, deliberating on national policies, and enlightening public opinion. Find out more about our Campaign on the Abolishment of the Death Penalty

Growing Momentum for the Abolition of the Death Penalty – Adoption of the 2024 UN General Assembly Biennial Resolution on a Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty

Growing Momentum for the Abolition of the Death Penalty – Adoption of the 2024 UN General Assembly Biennial Resolution on a Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty

This historic resolution represents a crucial step forward for the abolitionist movement.

New York / The Hague On 17 December, during the 79th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), Member States overwhelmingly adopted the tenth Resolution on a “Moratorium on the use of the death penalty”. With 130 votes in favor, 22 abstentions and 32 votes against, this historic result represents a crucial step forward for the abolitionist movement. Compared to the 2022 resolution, which received 125 votes in favor, the significant support for this year’s resolution reflects the increasing international momentum for the implementation of a universal moratorium, as a first step towards ending the use of capital punishment. This resolution, co-facilitated by Argentina and Italy on behalf of the Inter-Regional Task Force, was co-sponsored by 70 States. It calls upon all States to establish a moratorium on executions, with a view to abolishing the death penalty. Today, two-thirds of the world’s countries have expressed their support for the implementation of a universal moratorium, as a decisive step towards the full abolition of the death penalty. The death penalty is incompatible with the principles of human dignity and justice. I am proud that Kenya has endorsed the resolution this year, and we will persist in our efforts – at the national level, in our respective regions, and globally – not only to implement moratoria, but to ensure the complete elimination of the death penalty from our laws. Millie Odhiambo, MP (Kenya), Convenor of PGA’s Campaign on the Abolition of the Death Penalty In terms of positive developments observed, several States made remarkable shifts in their positions compared to 2022: From Against to In Favor: Antigua and Barbuda, Burundi; From Abstention to In Favor: Gabon, Kenya, Morocco, Zambia; From No Vote to In Favor: São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Somalia, Vanuatu; From Against to Abstention: Bahamas, Bangladesh and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nevertheless, challenges remain, as some setbacks were also noticed: From In Favor to Abstention: Guinea, Uganda; From Abstention to Against: Mauritania, Papua New Guinea; From In Favor to Absent during the vote: Central African Republic, Marshall Islands. PGA acknowledges the tireless work of the global abolitionist movement, and expresses its gratitude to its parliamentary members for their engagement and advocacy, which contributed to this result. Through their efforts, parliamentarians play a pivotal role in urging their governments to support this resolution, and take meaningful action towards ending capital punishment.   About the moratorium resolution Every two-years, the UN General Assembly is expected to consider and vote on a draft resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty. The adoption of the moratorium resolution underscores States’ commitment to end the use of this cruel punishment. It also fosters support for abolishing the death penalty and advances national dialogues and measures towards abolition. By explicitly linking the establishment of a moratorium to human rights, the adoption of the first resolution (62/149) on 18 December 2007, marked a critical turning point: the use of capital punishment is not just a criminal justice issue – it is a question of upholding human rights. Since then, the UNGA has adopted ten resolutions on the moratorium, each receiving broader support. The number of votes in favor has increased from 104 in 2007, to 130 in 2024, reflecting the global abolitionist trend. PGA opposes capital punishment in all circumstances. Parliamentarians have a crucial role to play in the movement to restrict the use of the death penalty and ultimately abolish it through drafting legislation, deliberating on national policies, and enlightening public opinion. Find out more about our Campaign on the Abolishment of the Death Penalty

Historic vote: Zimbabwe Parliament adopts the Death Penalty Abolition Bill

Historic vote: Zimbabwe Parliament adopts the Death Penalty Abolition Bill

PGA acknowledges the leadership and tireless efforts of Zimbabwean parliamentarians, including PGA Members and most notably Hon. Dorcas Sibanda, whose collective unwavering commitment has made this historic achievement possible.

New York / The Hague / Harare [Update from 9 January 2025] On 31 December 2024, the President of Zimbabwe, Emmerson Mnangagwa, signed the Death Penalty Abolition Bill into law, officially making the country an abolitionist for all crimes. This landmark development prohibits national courts from imposing the capital punishment. Existing death sentences will be resentenced or commuted to jail time. Nevertheless, a provision allows the death penalty to be reinstated during “any state of public emergency declared in terms of section 113 of the Constitution.” PGA warmly congratulates the Senate of Zimbabwe on the historic adoption of the Death Penalty Abolition bill, during the night of 11 December. This Bill, which had previously been passed by the National Assembly, now paves the way for Zimbabwe to officially abolish the death penalty once it receives presidential assent. The country has been de facto abolitionist since its last execution in 2005. PGA acknowledges the leadership and tireless efforts of Zimbabwean parliamentarians, including PGA Members and most notably Ms. Dorcas Sibanda former parliamentarian, whose collective unwavering commitment has made this historic achievement possible. This landmark development also comes at a pivotal time, just a few days before the United Nations General Assembly considers the resolution calling for a universal moratorium on the use of the death penalty. Zimbabwean parliamentarians therefore sent a powerful message to the international community, about the importance of upholding human rights and strengthening justice systems. This achievement is a testament to the dedication of parliamentarians and the collective voice of Zimbabweans who believe in justice and human rights. I urge other nations to follow and join Zimbabwe’s example in building a world free of capital punishment. I also want to commend President Mnangagwa for his consistent leadership in opposing the death penalty. His personal experience underscores the profound injustice of capital punishment. I encourage him to once again reaffirm his commitment by signing this act into law without delay, thereby cementing Zimbabwe’s role as a leader in the global movement against the death penalty. Honorable Kindness Paradza, Member of the National Assembly of Zimbabwe, PGA Member As the country moves closer to the abolition, PGA calls on the government to also consider taking the next step by signing and ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty (ICCPR-OP2) PGA opposes capital punishment in all circumstances. Parliamentarians have a crucial role to play in the movement to restrict the use of the death penalty and ultimately abolish it through drafting legislation, deliberating on national policies, and enlightening public opinion. Find out more about our Campaign on the Abolishment of the Death Penalty.

Un mouvement global vers l’abolition de la peine de mort

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Pays ont aboli la peine de mort pour tous les crimes (mai 2024)
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Pays ont aboli la peine de mort en droit ou en pratique (mai 2024)
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Personnes ont été exécutées en 2023 (en excluant la Chine) – une augmentation de 31% par rapport à 2022

Dernières Nouvelles :

Photo by Reprieve

The event highlighted Malawi’s journey towards abolition, discussed remaining challenges, and shared best practices.

Nous appelons les parlementaires à agir à l’occasion de cette Journée mondiale contre la peine de mort 2025

Chaque année, le 10 octobre, le mouvement abolitionniste mondial se réunit pour célébrer la Journée mondiale contre la peine de mort. En 2024 et 2025, l’accent a été mis sur la nécessité de déconstruire l’idée fausse selon laquelle la peine de mort garantirait la sécurité, avec pour message : « La peine de mort ne protège personne : abolissons-la maintenant ».

Photo Courtesy Parliament of Malawi

Today, 28 out of the 55 African Union Member States have abolished the death penalty in law, while 14 States maintain a moratorium on executions.

Carte des pays abolitionnistes et rétentionnistes dans le monde

 
Abolitionniste pour tous les crimes
 
Abolitionniste pour les crimes de droit commun
 
Abolitionniste en pratique*
 
Pays rétentionniste
 

En mai 2023. Source : Amnesty International
* Pays non-abolitionnistes mais n’ayant procédé à aucune exécution depuis au moins 10 ans

Notre méthode

À travers une méthodologie pair-à-pair et une stratégie adaptée à la situation de chaque pays, le secrétariat et les membres de PGA s’efforcent à éduquer, sensibiliser, renforcer la volonté politique des parlementaires et leurs capacités techniques et juridiques à prendre des initiatives concrètes, notamment législatives, qui contribuent aux objectifs des campagnes de PGA.

PGA travaille avec les parlementaires à titre individuel, en considérant les contextes particuliers à chaque pays, et met à profit leur mandat à travers un réseau international qui facilite les connexions entre les acteurs de la société civile et les parlementaires, et fait le lien entre les preneurs de décision et parties prenantes aux niveaux national et international.

Pour en savoir plus sur notre théorie du changement